Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) pre-hospital first aid emergency points

First aid for cardiac and respiratory arrest, known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is usually performed by artificial external chest compression and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Because sudden death mostly occurs in unexpected occasions, resuscitation, time is life, only timely and correct on-site first aid, to create a successful foundation for the recovery in the future.

The rescuer should first ensure the safety of the scene and make sure that the patient is breathing and that his/her pulse has indeed stopped (within 10 seconds) before giving assistance.

For help, please call the emergency number "120" or "999".

The rescuer places the patient on his or her back on a firm surface to ensure the safety of the surroundings, then kneels on the side between the patient's shoulders and waist with his or her legs naturally separated and shoulder-width apart.

Chest compressions: Place client's head and chest at the same level while lying on hard ground. Place the base of the left palm on the lower third of the patient's sternum and overlap the right palm on the back of the left hand. With your arms straight, press your chest at least 5 cm (3 cm for children, 2 cm for infants) and 6 cm for adults, then relax. Do not leave the patient's chest while relaxing. The extrusion should be smooth, regular and uninterrupted, and should not be impacted violently. The time of pressure and relaxation should be approximately equal. The frequency is 100~120 times per minute for adults, 100 times per minute for children and 120 times per minute for infants.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) manufacturers teach you how to do mouth-to-mouth breathing: First clean the patient's mouth and remove the denture. Hold both sides of client's nose with one hand and raise his/her index and middle fingers with the other. Take a deep breath and blow through client's mouth. After the breath stops, loosen the nostrils and allow client to exhale through the nostrils. Also observe the patient's chest. If done correctly, you should be able to see fluctuations in the chest and feel air escaping. During CARDIopulmonary resuscitation, 30 chest compressions should be followed by two breaths (30:2), each breathing exceeding 1 second, and the chest should be uplifted each time.